awx/awx/main/models/events.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import datetime
from datetime import timezone
import logging
from collections import defaultdict
import itertools
import time

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.db import models, DatabaseError, transaction
from django.db.models.functions import Cast
from django.utils.dateparse import parse_datetime
from django.utils.text import Truncator
from django.utils.timezone import now
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.encoding import force_str

from awx.api.versioning import reverse
from awx.main import consumers
from awx.main.fields import JSONBlob
from awx.main.managers import DeferJobCreatedManager
from awx.main.constants import MINIMAL_EVENTS
from awx.main.models.base import CreatedModifiedModel
from awx.main.utils import ignore_inventory_computed_fields, camelcase_to_underscore
from awx.main.utils.db import bulk_update_sorted_by_id

analytics_logger = logging.getLogger('awx.analytics.job_events')

logger = logging.getLogger('awx.main.models.events')

__all__ = ['JobEvent', 'ProjectUpdateEvent', 'AdHocCommandEvent', 'InventoryUpdateEvent', 'SystemJobEvent']


def sanitize_event_keys(kwargs, valid_keys):
    # Sanity check: Don't honor keys that we don't recognize.
    for key in list(kwargs.keys()):
        if key not in valid_keys:
            kwargs.pop(key)

    # Truncate certain values over 1k
    for key in ['play', 'role', 'task', 'playbook']:
        if isinstance(kwargs.get('event_data', {}).get(key), str):
            if len(kwargs['event_data'][key]) > 1024:
                kwargs['event_data'][key] = Truncator(kwargs['event_data'][key]).chars(1024)


def create_host_status_counts(event_data):
    host_status = {}
    host_status_keys = ['skipped', 'ok', 'changed', 'failures', 'dark']

    for key in host_status_keys:
        for host in event_data.get(key, {}):
            host_status[host] = key

    host_status_counts = defaultdict(lambda: 0)

    for value in host_status.values():
        host_status_counts[value] += 1

    return dict(host_status_counts)


def emit_event_detail(event):
    if settings.UI_LIVE_UPDATES_ENABLED is False and event.event not in MINIMAL_EVENTS:
        return
    cls = event.__class__
    relation = {
        JobEvent: 'job_id',
        AdHocCommandEvent: 'ad_hoc_command_id',
        ProjectUpdateEvent: 'project_update_id',
        InventoryUpdateEvent: 'inventory_update_id',
        SystemJobEvent: 'system_job_id',
    }[cls]
    url = ''
    if isinstance(event, JobEvent):
        url = '/api/v2/job_events/{}'.format(event.id)
    if isinstance(event, AdHocCommandEvent):
        url = '/api/v2/ad_hoc_command_events/{}'.format(event.id)
    group = camelcase_to_underscore(cls.__name__) + 's'
    timestamp = event.created.isoformat()
    consumers.emit_channel_notification(
        '-'.join([group, str(getattr(event, relation))]),
        {
            'id': event.id,
            relation.replace('_id', ''): getattr(event, relation),
            'created': timestamp,
            'modified': timestamp,
            'group_name': group,
            'url': url,
            'stdout': event.stdout,
            'counter': event.counter,
            'uuid': event.uuid,
            'parent_uuid': getattr(event, 'parent_uuid', ''),
            'start_line': event.start_line,
            'end_line': event.end_line,
            'event': event.event,
            'event_data': getattr(event, 'event_data', {}),
            'failed': event.failed,
            'changed': event.changed,
            'event_level': getattr(event, 'event_level', ''),
            'play': getattr(event, 'play', ''),
            'role': getattr(event, 'role', ''),
            'task': getattr(event, 'task', ''),
        },
    )


class BasePlaybookEvent(CreatedModifiedModel):
    """
    An event/message logged from a playbook callback for each host.
    """

    VALID_KEYS = [
        'event',
        'event_data',
        'playbook',
        'play',
        'role',
        'task',
        'created',
        'counter',
        'uuid',
        'stdout',
        'parent_uuid',
        'start_line',
        'end_line',
        'verbosity',
    ]
    WRAPUP_EVENT = 'playbook_on_stats'

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

    # Playbook events will be structured to form the following hierarchy:
    # - playbook_on_start (once for each playbook file)
    #   - playbook_on_vars_prompt (for each play, but before play starts, we
    #     currently don't handle responding to these prompts)
    #   - playbook_on_play_start (once for each play)
    #     - playbook_on_import_for_host (not logged, not used for v2)
    #     - playbook_on_not_import_for_host (not logged, not used for v2)
    #     - playbook_on_no_hosts_matched
    #     - playbook_on_no_hosts_remaining
    #     - playbook_on_include (only v2 - only used for handlers?)
    #     - playbook_on_setup (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on*
    #     - playbook_on_task_start (once for each task within a play)
    #       - runner_on_failed
    #       - runner_on_start
    #       - runner_on_ok
    #       - runner_on_error (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on_skipped
    #       - runner_on_unreachable
    #       - runner_on_no_hosts (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on_async_poll (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on_async_ok (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on_async_failed (not used for v2)
    #       - runner_on_file_diff (v2 event is v2_on_file_diff)
    #       - runner_item_on_ok (v2 only)
    #       - runner_item_on_failed (v2 only)
    #       - runner_item_on_skipped (v2 only)
    #       - runner_retry (v2 only)
    #     - playbook_on_notify (once for each notification from the play, not used for v2)
    #   - playbook_on_stats

    EVENT_TYPES = [
        # (level, event, verbose name, failed)
        (3, 'runner_on_failed', _('Host Failed'), True),
        (3, 'runner_on_start', _('Host Started'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_ok', _('Host OK'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_error', _('Host Failure'), True),
        (3, 'runner_on_skipped', _('Host Skipped'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_unreachable', _('Host Unreachable'), True),
        (3, 'runner_on_no_hosts', _('No Hosts Remaining'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_async_poll', _('Host Polling'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_async_ok', _('Host Async OK'), False),
        (3, 'runner_on_async_failed', _('Host Async Failure'), True),
        (3, 'runner_item_on_ok', _('Item OK'), False),
        (3, 'runner_item_on_failed', _('Item Failed'), True),
        (3, 'runner_item_on_skipped', _('Item Skipped'), False),
        (3, 'runner_retry', _('Host Retry'), False),
        # Tower does not yet support --diff mode.
        (3, 'runner_on_file_diff', _('File Difference'), False),
        (0, 'playbook_on_start', _('Playbook Started'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_notify', _('Running Handlers'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_include', _('Including File'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_no_hosts_matched', _('No Hosts Matched'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_no_hosts_remaining', _('No Hosts Remaining'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_task_start', _('Task Started'), False),
        # Tower does not yet support vars_prompt (and will probably hang :)
        (1, 'playbook_on_vars_prompt', _('Variables Prompted'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_setup', _('Gathering Facts'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_import_for_host', _('internal: on Import for Host'), False),
        (2, 'playbook_on_not_import_for_host', _('internal: on Not Import for Host'), False),
        (1, 'playbook_on_play_start', _('Play Started'), False),
        (1, 'playbook_on_stats', _('Playbook Complete'), False),
        # Additional event types for captured stdout not directly related to
        # playbook or runner events.
        (0, 'debug', _('Debug'), False),
        (0, 'verbose', _('Verbose'), False),
        (0, 'deprecated', _('Deprecated'), False),
        (0, 'warning', _('Warning'), False),
        (0, 'system_warning', _('System Warning'), False),
        (0, 'error', _('Error'), True),
    ]
    FAILED_EVENTS = [x[1] for x in EVENT_TYPES if x[3]]
    EVENT_CHOICES = [(x[1], x[2]) for x in EVENT_TYPES]
    LEVEL_FOR_EVENT = dict([(x[1], x[0]) for x in EVENT_TYPES])

    event = models.CharField(
        max_length=100,
        choices=EVENT_CHOICES,
    )
    event_data = JSONBlob(default=dict, blank=True)
    failed = models.BooleanField(
        default=False,
        editable=False,
    )
    changed = models.BooleanField(
        default=False,
        editable=False,
    )
    uuid = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    playbook = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    play = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    role = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    task = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    counter = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    stdout = models.TextField(
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    verbosity = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    start_line = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    end_line = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    created = models.DateTimeField(
        null=True,
        default=None,
        editable=False,
    )
    modified = models.DateTimeField(
        default=None,
        editable=False,
        db_index=True,
    )

    @property
    def event_level(self):
        return self.LEVEL_FOR_EVENT.get(self.event, 0)

    def get_host_status_counts(self):
        return create_host_status_counts(getattr(self, 'event_data', {}))

    def get_event_display2(self):
        msg = self.get_event_display()
        if self.event == 'playbook_on_play_start':
            if self.play:
                msg = "%s (%s)" % (msg, self.play)
        elif self.event == 'playbook_on_task_start':
            if self.task:
                if self.event_data.get('is_conditional', False):
                    msg = 'Handler Notified'
                if self.role:
                    msg = '%s (%s | %s)' % (msg, self.role, self.task)
                else:
                    msg = "%s (%s)" % (msg, self.task)

        # Change display for runner events triggered by async polling.  Some of
        # these events may not show in most cases, due to filterting them out
        # of the job event queryset returned to the user.
        res = self.event_data.get('res', {})
        # Fix for existing records before we had added the workaround on save
        # to change async_ok to async_failed.
        if self.event == 'runner_on_async_ok':
            try:
                if res.get('failed', False) or res.get('rc', 0) != 0:
                    msg = 'Host Async Failed'
            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
                pass
        # Runner events with ansible_job_id are part of async starting/polling.
        if self.event in ('runner_on_ok', 'runner_on_failed'):
            try:
                module_name = res['invocation']['module_name']
                job_id = res['ansible_job_id']
            except (TypeError, KeyError, AttributeError):
                module_name = None
                job_id = None
            if module_name and job_id:
                if module_name == 'async_status':
                    msg = 'Host Async Checking'
                else:
                    msg = 'Host Async Started'
        # Handle both 1.2 on_failed and 1.3+ on_async_failed events when an
        # async task times out.
        if self.event in ('runner_on_failed', 'runner_on_async_failed'):
            try:
                if res['msg'] == 'timed out':
                    msg = 'Host Async Timeout'
            except (TypeError, KeyError, AttributeError):
                pass
        return msg

    def _update_from_event_data(self):
        # Update event model fields from event data.
        event_data = self.event_data
        res = event_data.get('res', None)
        if self.event in self.FAILED_EVENTS and not event_data.get('ignore_errors', False):
            self.failed = True
        if isinstance(res, dict):
            if res.get('changed', False):
                self.changed = True
        if self.event == 'playbook_on_stats':
            try:
                failures_dict = event_data.get('failures', {})
                dark_dict = event_data.get('dark', {})
                self.failed = bool(sum(failures_dict.values()) + sum(dark_dict.values()))
                changed_dict = event_data.get('changed', {})
                self.changed = bool(sum(changed_dict.values()))
            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
                pass

            if isinstance(self, JobEvent):
                try:
                    job = self.job
                except ObjectDoesNotExist:
                    job = None
                if job:
                    hostnames = self._hostnames()
                    self._update_host_summary_from_stats(set(hostnames))
                    if job.inventory:
                        try:
                            job.inventory.update_computed_fields()
                        except DatabaseError:
                            logger.exception('Computed fields database error saving event {}'.format(self.pk))

                    # find parent links and progagate changed=T and failed=T
                    changed = (
                        job.get_event_queryset()
                        .filter(changed=True)
                        .exclude(parent_uuid=None)
                        .only('parent_uuid')
                        .values_list('parent_uuid', flat=True)
                        .distinct()
                    )  # noqa
                    failed = (
                        job.get_event_queryset()
                        .filter(failed=True)
                        .exclude(parent_uuid=None)
                        .only('parent_uuid')
                        .values_list('parent_uuid', flat=True)
                        .distinct()
                    )  # noqa

                    # NOTE: we take a set of changed and failed parent uuids because the subquery
                    # complicates the plan with large event tables causing very long query execution time
                    changed_start = time.time()
                    changed_res = job.get_event_queryset().filter(uuid__in=set(changed)).update(changed=True)
                    failed_start = time.time()
                    failed_res = job.get_event_queryset().filter(uuid__in=set(failed)).update(failed=True)
                    logger.debug(
                        f'Event propagation for job {job.id}: '
                        f'marked {changed_res} as changed in {failed_start - changed_start:.4f}s, '
                        f'{failed_res} as failed in {time.time() - failed_start:.4f}s'
                    )

        for field in ('playbook', 'play', 'task', 'role'):
            value = force_str(event_data.get(field, '')).strip()
            if value != getattr(self, field):
                setattr(self, field, value)
        if settings.LOG_AGGREGATOR_ENABLED:
            analytics_logger.info('Event data saved.', extra=dict(python_objects=dict(job_event=self)))

    @classmethod
    def create_from_data(cls, **kwargs):
        #
        # ⚠️  D-D-D-DANGER ZONE ⚠️
        # This function is called by the callback receiver *once* for *every
        # event* emitted by Ansible as a playbook runs.  That means that
        # changes to this function are _very_ susceptible to introducing
        # performance regressions (which the user will experience as "my
        # playbook stdout takes too long to show up"), *especially* code which
        # might invoke additional database queries per event.
        #
        # Proceed with caution!
        #
        pk = None
        for key in ('job_id', 'project_update_id'):
            if key in kwargs:
                pk = key
        if pk is None:
            # payload must contain either a job_id or a project_update_id
            return

        # Convert the datetime for the job event's creation appropriately,
        # and include a time zone for it.
        #
        # In the event of any issue, throw it out, and Django will just save
        # the current time.
        try:
            if not isinstance(kwargs['created'], datetime.datetime):
                kwargs['created'] = parse_datetime(kwargs['created'])
            if not kwargs['created'].tzinfo:
                kwargs['created'] = kwargs['created'].replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        except (KeyError, ValueError):
            kwargs.pop('created', None)

        # same as above, for job_created
        # TODO: if this approach, identical to above, works, can convert to for loop
        try:
            if not isinstance(kwargs['job_created'], datetime.datetime):
                kwargs['job_created'] = parse_datetime(kwargs['job_created'])
            if not kwargs['job_created'].tzinfo:
                kwargs['job_created'] = kwargs['job_created'].replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        except (KeyError, ValueError):
            kwargs.pop('job_created', None)

        host_map = kwargs.pop('host_map', {})

        sanitize_event_keys(kwargs, cls.VALID_KEYS)
        workflow_job_id = kwargs.pop('workflow_job_id', None)
        event = cls(**kwargs)
        if workflow_job_id:
            setattr(event, 'workflow_job_id', workflow_job_id)
        # shouldn't job_created _always_ be present?
        # if it's not, how could we save the event to the db?
        job_created = kwargs.pop('job_created', None)
        if job_created:
            setattr(event, 'job_created', job_created)
        setattr(event, 'host_map', host_map)
        event._update_from_event_data()
        return event

    @property
    def job_verbosity(self):
        return 0


class JobEvent(BasePlaybookEvent):
    """
    An event/message logged from the callback when running a job.
    """

    VALID_KEYS = BasePlaybookEvent.VALID_KEYS + ['job_id', 'workflow_job_id', 'job_created', 'host_id', 'host_name']
    JOB_REFERENCE = 'job_id'

    objects = DeferJobCreatedManager()

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'main'
        ordering = ('pk',)
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['job', 'job_created', 'event']),
            models.Index(fields=['job', 'job_created', 'uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['job', 'job_created', 'parent_uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['job', 'job_created', 'counter']),
        ]

    id = models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')
    job = models.ForeignKey(
        'Job',
        related_name='job_events',
        null=True,
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_index=False,
    )
    # When we partitioned the table we accidentally "lost" the foreign key constraint.
    # However this is good because the cascade on delete at the django layer was causing DB issues
    # We are going to leave this as a foreign key but mark it as not having a DB relation and
    #  prevent cascading on delete.
    host = models.ForeignKey(
        'Host',
        related_name='job_events_as_primary_host',
        null=True,
        default=None,
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_constraint=False,
    )
    host_name = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    parent_uuid = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    job_created = models.DateTimeField(null=True, editable=False)

    def get_absolute_url(self, request=None):
        return reverse('api:job_event_detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk}, request=request)

    def __str__(self):
        return u'%s @ %s' % (self.get_event_display2(), self.created.isoformat())

    def _hostnames(self):
        hostnames = set()
        try:
            for stat in ('changed', 'dark', 'failures', 'ok', 'processed', 'skipped'):
                hostnames.update(self.event_data.get(stat, {}).keys())
        except AttributeError:  # In case event_data or v isn't a dict.
            pass
        return hostnames

    def _update_host_summary_from_stats(self, hostnames):
        with ignore_inventory_computed_fields():
            try:
                if not self.job or not self.job.inventory:
                    logger.info('Event {} missing job or inventory, host summaries not updated'.format(self.pk))
                    return
            except ObjectDoesNotExist:
                logger.info('Event {} missing job or inventory, host summaries not updated'.format(self.pk))
                return
            job = self.job

            from awx.main.models import Host, JobHostSummary  # circular import

            if self.job.inventory.kind == 'constructed':
                all_hosts = Host.objects.filter(id__in=self.job.inventory.hosts.values_list(Cast('instance_id', output_field=models.IntegerField()))).only(
                    'id', 'name'
                )
                constructed_host_map = self.host_map
                host_map = {host.name: host.id for host in all_hosts}
            else:
                all_hosts = Host.objects.filter(pk__in=self.host_map.values()).only('id', 'name')
                constructed_host_map = {}
                host_map = self.host_map

            existing_host_ids = set(h.id for h in all_hosts)

            summaries = dict()
            updated_hosts_list = list()
            for host in hostnames:
                host_id = host_map.get(host)
                if host_id not in existing_host_ids:
                    host_id = None
                constructed_host_id = constructed_host_map.get(host)
                host_stats = {}
                for stat in ('changed', 'dark', 'failures', 'ignored', 'ok', 'processed', 'rescued', 'skipped'):
                    try:
                        host_stats[stat] = self.event_data.get(stat, {}).get(host, 0)
                    except AttributeError:  # in case event_data[stat] isn't a dict.
                        pass
                summary = JobHostSummary(
                    created=now(), modified=now(), job_id=job.id, host_id=host_id, constructed_host_id=constructed_host_id, host_name=host, **host_stats
                )
                summary.failed = bool(summary.dark or summary.failures)
                summaries[(host_id, host)] = summary

                # do not count dark / unreachable hosts as updated
                if not bool(summary.dark):
                    updated_hosts_list.append(host.lower())
                else:
                    logger.warning(f'host {host.lower()} is dark / unreachable, not marking it as updated')

            JobHostSummary.objects.bulk_create(summaries.values())

            # update the last_job_id and last_job_host_summary_id
            # in single queries
            host_mapping = dict((summary['host_id'], summary['id']) for summary in JobHostSummary.objects.filter(job_id=job.id).values('id', 'host_id'))
            updated_hosts = set()
            for h in all_hosts:
                # if the hostname *shows up* in the playbook_on_stats event
                if h.name in hostnames:
                    h.last_job_id = job.id
                    updated_hosts.add(h)
                if h.id in host_mapping:
                    h.last_job_host_summary_id = host_mapping[h.id]
                    updated_hosts.add(h)

            bulk_update_sorted_by_id(Host, updated_hosts, ['last_job_id', 'last_job_host_summary_id'])

            # Create/update Host Metrics
            self._update_host_metrics(updated_hosts_list)

    @staticmethod
    def _update_host_metrics(updated_hosts_list):
        from awx.main.models import HostMetric  # circular import

        current_time = now()

        # FUTURE:
        #   - Hand-rolled implementation of itertools.batched(), introduced in Python 3.12.  Replace.
        #   - Ability to do ORM upserts *may* have been introduced in Django 5.0.
        #     See the entry about `create_defaults` in https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/releases/5.0/#models.
        #     Hopefully this will be fully ready for batch use by 5.2 LTS.

        args = [iter(updated_hosts_list)] * 500
        for hosts in itertools.zip_longest(*args):
            with transaction.atomic():
                HostMetric.objects.bulk_create(
                    [HostMetric(hostname=hostname, last_automation=current_time) for hostname in hosts if hostname is not None], ignore_conflicts=True
                )
                HostMetric.objects.filter(hostname__in=hosts).update(
                    last_automation=current_time, automated_counter=models.F('automated_counter') + 1, deleted=False
                )

    @property
    def job_verbosity(self):
        return self.job.verbosity


class UnpartitionedJobEvent(JobEvent):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True


UnpartitionedJobEvent._meta.db_table = '_unpartitioned_' + JobEvent._meta.db_table  # noqa


class ProjectUpdateEvent(BasePlaybookEvent):
    VALID_KEYS = BasePlaybookEvent.VALID_KEYS + ['project_update_id', 'workflow_job_id', 'job_created']
    JOB_REFERENCE = 'project_update_id'

    objects = DeferJobCreatedManager()

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'main'
        ordering = ('pk',)
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['project_update', 'job_created', 'event']),
            models.Index(fields=['project_update', 'job_created', 'uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['project_update', 'job_created', 'counter']),
        ]

    id = models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')
    project_update = models.ForeignKey(
        'ProjectUpdate',
        related_name='project_update_events',
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_index=False,
    )
    job_created = models.DateTimeField(null=True, editable=False)

    @property
    def host_name(self):
        return 'localhost'


class UnpartitionedProjectUpdateEvent(ProjectUpdateEvent):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True


UnpartitionedProjectUpdateEvent._meta.db_table = '_unpartitioned_' + ProjectUpdateEvent._meta.db_table  # noqa


class BaseCommandEvent(CreatedModifiedModel):
    """
    An event/message logged from a command for each host.
    """

    VALID_KEYS = ['event_data', 'created', 'counter', 'uuid', 'stdout', 'start_line', 'end_line', 'verbosity']
    WRAPUP_EVENT = 'EOF'

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

    event_data = JSONBlob(default=dict, blank=True)
    uuid = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    counter = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    stdout = models.TextField(
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    verbosity = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    start_line = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    end_line = models.PositiveIntegerField(
        default=0,
        editable=False,
    )
    created = models.DateTimeField(
        null=True,
        default=None,
        editable=False,
    )
    modified = models.DateTimeField(
        default=None,
        editable=False,
        db_index=True,
    )

    def __str__(self):
        return u'%s @ %s' % (self.get_event_display(), self.created.isoformat())

    @classmethod
    def create_from_data(cls, **kwargs):
        #
        # ⚠️  D-D-D-DANGER ZONE ⚠️
        # This function is called by the callback receiver *once* for *every
        # event* emitted by Ansible as a playbook runs.  That means that
        # changes to this function are _very_ susceptible to introducing
        # performance regressions (which the user will experience as "my
        # playbook stdout takes too long to show up"), *especially* code which
        # might invoke additional database queries per event.
        #
        # Proceed with caution!
        #
        # Convert the datetime for the event's creation
        # appropriately, and include a time zone for it.
        #
        # In the event of any issue, throw it out, and Django will just save
        # the current time.
        try:
            if not isinstance(kwargs['created'], datetime.datetime):
                kwargs['created'] = parse_datetime(kwargs['created'])
            if not kwargs['created'].tzinfo:
                kwargs['created'] = kwargs['created'].replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        except (KeyError, ValueError):
            kwargs.pop('created', None)

        sanitize_event_keys(kwargs, cls.VALID_KEYS)
        kwargs.pop('workflow_job_id', None)
        event = cls(**kwargs)
        event._update_from_event_data()
        return event

    def get_event_display(self):
        """
        Needed for __unicode__
        """
        return self.event

    def get_event_display2(self):
        return self.get_event_display()

    def get_host_status_counts(self):
        return create_host_status_counts(getattr(self, 'event_data', {}))

    def _update_from_event_data(self):
        pass


class AdHocCommandEvent(BaseCommandEvent):
    VALID_KEYS = BaseCommandEvent.VALID_KEYS + ['ad_hoc_command_id', 'event', 'host_name', 'host_id', 'workflow_job_id', 'job_created']
    WRAPUP_EVENT = 'playbook_on_stats'  # exception to BaseCommandEvent
    JOB_REFERENCE = 'ad_hoc_command_id'

    objects = DeferJobCreatedManager()

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'main'
        ordering = ('-pk',)
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['ad_hoc_command', 'job_created', 'event']),
            models.Index(fields=['ad_hoc_command', 'job_created', 'uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['ad_hoc_command', 'job_created', 'counter']),
        ]

    EVENT_TYPES = [
        # (event, verbose name, failed)
        ('runner_on_failed', _('Host Failed'), True),
        ('runner_on_ok', _('Host OK'), False),
        ('runner_on_unreachable', _('Host Unreachable'), True),
        # Tower won't see no_hosts (check is done earlier without callback).
        # ('runner_on_no_hosts', _('No Hosts Matched'), False),
        # Tower will see skipped (when running in check mode for a module that
        # does not support check mode).
        ('runner_on_skipped', _('Host Skipped'), False),
        # Tower does not support async for ad hoc commands (not used in v2).
        # ('runner_on_async_poll', _('Host Polling'), False),
        # ('runner_on_async_ok', _('Host Async OK'), False),
        # ('runner_on_async_failed', _('Host Async Failure'), True),
        # Tower does not yet support --diff mode.
        # ('runner_on_file_diff', _('File Difference'), False),
        # Additional event types for captured stdout not directly related to
        # runner events.
        ('debug', _('Debug'), False),
        ('verbose', _('Verbose'), False),
        ('deprecated', _('Deprecated'), False),
        ('warning', _('Warning'), False),
        ('system_warning', _('System Warning'), False),
        ('error', _('Error'), False),
    ]
    FAILED_EVENTS = [x[0] for x in EVENT_TYPES if x[2]]
    EVENT_CHOICES = [(x[0], x[1]) for x in EVENT_TYPES]

    id = models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')
    event = models.CharField(
        max_length=100,
        choices=EVENT_CHOICES,
    )
    failed = models.BooleanField(
        default=False,
        editable=False,
    )
    changed = models.BooleanField(
        default=False,
        editable=False,
    )
    ad_hoc_command = models.ForeignKey(
        'AdHocCommand',
        related_name='ad_hoc_command_events',
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_index=False,
    )
    # We need to keep this as a FK in the model because AdHocCommand uses a ManyToMany field
    #   to hosts through adhoc_events. But in https://github.com/ansible/awx/pull/8236/ we
    #   removed the nulling of the field in case of a host going away before an event is saved
    #   so this needs to stay SET_NULL on the ORM level
    host = models.ForeignKey(
        'Host',
        related_name='ad_hoc_command_events',
        null=True,
        default=None,
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
        editable=False,
        db_constraint=False,
    )
    host_name = models.CharField(
        max_length=1024,
        default='',
        editable=False,
    )
    job_created = models.DateTimeField(null=True, editable=False)

    def get_absolute_url(self, request=None):
        return reverse('api:ad_hoc_command_event_detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk}, request=request)

    def _update_from_event_data(self):
        res = self.event_data.get('res', None)
        if self.event in self.FAILED_EVENTS:
            if not self.event_data.get('ignore_errors', False):
                self.failed = True
        if isinstance(res, dict) and res.get('changed', False):
            self.changed = True

        analytics_logger.info('Event data saved.', extra=dict(python_objects=dict(job_event=self)))


class UnpartitionedAdHocCommandEvent(AdHocCommandEvent):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True


UnpartitionedAdHocCommandEvent._meta.db_table = '_unpartitioned_' + AdHocCommandEvent._meta.db_table  # noqa


class InventoryUpdateEvent(BaseCommandEvent):
    VALID_KEYS = BaseCommandEvent.VALID_KEYS + ['inventory_update_id', 'workflow_job_id', 'job_created']
    JOB_REFERENCE = 'inventory_update_id'

    objects = DeferJobCreatedManager()

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'main'
        ordering = ('-pk',)
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['inventory_update', 'job_created', 'uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['inventory_update', 'job_created', 'counter']),
        ]

    id = models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')
    inventory_update = models.ForeignKey(
        'InventoryUpdate',
        related_name='inventory_update_events',
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_index=False,
    )
    job_created = models.DateTimeField(null=True, editable=False)

    @property
    def event(self):
        return 'verbose'

    @property
    def failed(self):
        return False

    @property
    def changed(self):
        return False


class UnpartitionedInventoryUpdateEvent(InventoryUpdateEvent):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True


UnpartitionedInventoryUpdateEvent._meta.db_table = '_unpartitioned_' + InventoryUpdateEvent._meta.db_table  # noqa


class SystemJobEvent(BaseCommandEvent):
    VALID_KEYS = BaseCommandEvent.VALID_KEYS + ['system_job_id', 'job_created']
    JOB_REFERENCE = 'system_job_id'

    objects = DeferJobCreatedManager()

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'main'
        ordering = ('-pk',)
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['system_job', 'job_created', 'uuid']),
            models.Index(fields=['system_job', 'job_created', 'counter']),
        ]

    id = models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')
    system_job = models.ForeignKey(
        'SystemJob',
        related_name='system_job_events',
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,
        editable=False,
        db_index=False,
    )
    job_created = models.DateTimeField(null=True, editable=False)

    @property
    def event(self):
        return 'verbose'

    @property
    def failed(self):
        return False

    @property
    def changed(self):
        return False


class UnpartitionedSystemJobEvent(SystemJobEvent):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True


UnpartitionedSystemJobEvent._meta.db_table = '_unpartitioned_' + SystemJobEvent._meta.db_table  # noqa